Medieval Cairo

 

Middle age Cairo

Students of the history of Egypt in the Medieval times - During the period of the Mamluk state (1250-1517) Egypt saw an extraordinary social thriving that incorporated a set of experiences development that was not gone before or rehashed from that point forward, and extraordinary history specialists showed up in Egypt who composed colossal verifiable works It helped scientists and history specialists in the cutting edge time to get to know the states of Egypt and the southern Mediterranean district in the Medieval times. Furthermore, others, and it has turned into a significant wellspring of data for Western and Eastern students of history and specialists in the cutting-edge period. The Egyptian students of history were recognized by their reference book and exactness in their compositions, and because by and large they were near the men and authorities of the Egyptian state, and among them were legislators like the antiquarian Ruler Baybars al-Dawadar, their data about the occasions and their experiences were finished, and they utilized crafted by some when it was hard for them to be aware Or they figured out an occasion, and they were quick to explain this to the peruser so they wouldn't bear the obligation, and when they were saying something they were don't know about or were not persuaded of, they would agree that it toward the start of the text to caution the peruser. In this way, they were objective antiquarians and composed of sound verifiable establishments. The set of experiences development that was dynamic in the Mamluk period was known as the Egyptian Authentic School.

Al-Maqrizi (1365 - 1441) is viewed as the dignitary of Egyptian students of history from the Medieval times as of recently, and his books "Suluk to Know the Nations of the Lords" and "Teaching and Thought by Recognition of Plans and Relics" are viewed as the best that was expounded on the historical backdrop of Egypt, and he has an important book called "Help of the Country" By uncovering the burden" It was examined and distributed by the cutting edge history specialist Jamal Al-Racket Al-Shayal, and it contains significant data about Egypt's monetary and monetary circumstances. On account of al-Maqrizi, he examined with incredible history specialists, including the extraordinary antiquarian Ibn Taghri Barada (1410-1470).

The Fortification of the Mountain ignores Cairo. Its name is referenced in the books of Egyptian students of history

Ibn Taghray had a place with the class of Egyptian sovereigns and the senior authorities of the Egyptian state, and his dad was one of the most senior rulers during the rule of King Al-Zahir Barquq, and his child Al-Nasir Faraj. Ibn Taghray distributed 1,000 books, the most significant of which is his gigantic book "The Blooming Stars in the Rulers of Egypt and Cairo," in which he chronicled Egypt until the year 1467. Ibn Taghray was keen on the Nile, and like the antiquarian Ibn Aybak al-Dawadari, who went before his time, he recorded its water and flood levels as the backbone. in Egypt. At the point when the Ottomans entered Egypt in 1517, Selim I saw the composition of the sparkling stars and requested it to be moved to Turkey, where it was converted into Turkish. The original copy is as yet kept in the Hagia Sophia Library in Istanbul, and there are duplicates of it in Cairo, Berlin, St. Petersburg, Paris, and the English Gallery in London. . This book was deciphered from it by the Dutch orientalist Gonbel, and the person who deciphered it was distributed in two gigantic volumes in the city of Leiden somewhere in the range of 1851 and 1855, and the American orientalist William Popper interpreted from it ten sections distributed by the College of California somewhere in the range of 1909 and 1929. In Egypt Dar dealt with Egyptian books are in the book, and I shot his composition, which is in the Hagia Sophia in Istanbul, and checked it and distributed it at the suggestion of Abd al-Khaliq Tharwat, the top of the Egyptian government during its days. I likewise distributed it once in 2005 of every 16 sections. After Ibn Taghra, another incredible history specialist named Ibn Iyas (1448-1523) showed up.

In the cafés, he was telling the historical backdrop of Egypt

Ibn Iyas is viewed as quite possibly of the most recognized Egyptian antiquarian as far as his way of composing and as far as the occasions he referenced because he survived the conclusion of the age of the Mamluk state and saw the Ottoman Turks possessing Egypt in the year 1517. A mishap dazed his setback."

Ibn Iyas' granddad was an extraordinary emir during the rule of King al-Zahir Barquq, and his dad was in touch with the emir and the representatives of the Egyptian state. Ibn Eyas used to cherish verse, and he used to compose verse alongside history, he used to fill his verifiable books with sonnets, and he used to write in a wonderful and straightforward style, and he utilized the Egyptian that the Egyptians talk. The main book of Ibn Iyas, who favored the book "Bada'i al-Zuhur fi Waqaa'at al-Dahur," which is viewed as the main verifiable book expounded on the finish of the free Egyptian Mamluk state and the starting points of the Ottoman Turkish expansionism. What's more, Ibn Iyas expounded on this period in the method of the records, and between his recognized authentic abilities, and this was one reason for the premium of Western specialists and orientalists in the book Bada'i al-Zuhur, so they did many examinations about it, and the German Orientalists Affiliation appointed Egyptian analysts to research the book and distributed it in 6 gigantic parts. Indeed, even in current Egyptian writing, the essayist Gamal Al-Ghitani was motivated by a genuine character from the book and composed the book "Al-Zeini Barakat", which met with global achievement and was converted into numerous dialects. The Ottoman period was likewise dated by Ibn Abu Al-Surour Al-Bakry (1596-1650), who is viewed as the last extraordinary Egyptian history specialist of the Mamluk time, even though he lived and composed after the downfall of the Mamluk state.

The German Orientalists Affiliation, which distributed Ibn Eyas' Bada'iyyat al-Zuhur, is keen on the Egyptian authentic legacy and distributed the book "Zubdat al-file fi Tareekh al-Hijrah" by the antiquarian Ruler Baybars al-Dawadar (h. 1247-1325).

Baybars al-Dawadar in addition to that he is a history specialist, he was one of the most senior leaders of Egypt and survived the rules of the extraordinary kings of the Mamluk ocean state, like al-Zahir Baybars, Qalawun, al-Ashraf Khalil, and al-Nasir Muhammad ibn Qalawun, and he was available in incredible conflicts like the intrusion of Antioch, the success of Section of land and the Fortress of Rome, and incredible fights Against the Mongols, and he partook in taking and settling on significant political choices, and he is viewed as a dependable wellspring of data, and for that reason, he was cited by senior Egyptian antiquarians, like Al-Maqrizi, Ibn Iyas, Ibn Taghri, Al-Aini, and others. "The Spread of the Thought Throughout the entire existence of Movement" is viewed as the main book still accessible by Baybars Al-Dawadar.

Gerges receptacle Al-Ameed was knowledgeable in Coptic

Jirjis ibn al-In the midst (1202-1273) is likewise considered by AH M Egyptian antiquarians. Furthermore, his significance has two primary reasons, the first is that he lived and wrote in a period that went before the time of his partners like al-Maqrizi and Ibn Taghri, and survived a significant momentary period throughout the entire existence of Egypt in which Shajar al-Durr, Izz al-Noise Aybak, and al-Zahir Baybars dominated. The subsequent explanation is that he was a Christian and keen on the historical backdrop of Christianity in Egypt and was knowledgeable in the Coptic language. This gave him extraordinary significance and an extra aspect that helped the other history specialists who came after him. Ibn al In the midst of was a legislator in the Mamluk period and was nicknamed "Sheik al-Makin". One of the most significant and important books composed by him is the book "Al-Majmo' Al-Mubarak" This is an enormous book wherein I date from the very outset of the world until the period of Al-Zahir Baybars, and European scientists and orientalists thought often about it.

Shihab al-Clamor al-Nuwayri (1278-1333) was a history specialist as well as an all-encompassing researcher, and he composed a book about an immense circle of information called "Nihaayat al-Arb fi Fanoun al-Adab". The part managing history in this version stretches out from Section 25 to Section 31. The composition of this book is safeguarded in the Coperelli Library in Istanbul, and it has a copy in the Egyptian Book House in Cairo under No. 549 General Information. Al-Nuwayri was a contemporary of the extraordinary rulers of Egypt, like Qalawun and Al-Ashraf Khalil, and he reached King Al-Nasir Muhammad container Qalawun, and numerous students of history cited him.

This al-Nuwayri isn't the Alexandrian history specialist, who is known as al-Nuwayri al-Iskandarani, who composed a book about the mission of Pierre de Lusignan, Lord of Cyprus, against Alexandria in the year 1365, which is known as the "Waqi'ah al-Iskandarani" or "The Episode of Alexandria." This book has a long name: "Experience with the media in regards to the decisions and matters chosen in the Clash of Alexandria," in which he said about Pierre de Lusignan: "A hoodlum came to the city, and a criminal emerged from it."

Ibn Aybak al-Dawadari lived in Al-Batalia Quarter in Cairo, and he was delegated Amir Ali Sarkhad, and he and his dad were in touch with the most senior Ayyubids and Mamluks, and they saw for themselves numerous and vital verifiable occasions, for example, the fall of the Ayyubid state and the development of the Mamluk state. His gigantic book "Kinz al-Durr was Jami' al-Gharar" is viewed as quite possibly the main book he composed and which was expounded on the Ayyubid and Mamluk times, and it contains things that were cited from him by the extraordinary antiquarians who came after him, by temperance of the way that he part to occasions that occurred and told about them, and they are not tracked down in that frame of mind of his counterparts. The German Orientalists Affiliation distributed this book in nine sections, each part about a particular verifiable period, the most significant of which is the Ayyubid and Mamluk One of the exhaustive Egyptian history specialists who lived in the Medieval times was the antiquarian and etymologist Abu al-Abbas al-Qalqashandi (1355-1418), whose name was al-Qalqashandi because he was brought into the world in Qalqashandah in Qalyubia. Al-Qalqashandi was an etymologist who worked in Dar al-Insha during the rule of King al-Zahir Barquq and created a vital book called Subh al-Asha fi Sinaat al-Insha. This book was imprinted in 15 volumes, and it is viewed as quite possibly the main book that was written in Egypt in the Medieval times because in it he made sense of the phrasing of the Mamluk express that was utilized and recorded the texts of the correspondence of the state and the rulers and the settlements that they made. Likewise, a full clarification of the arrangement of government and organization in the Mamluk period.

Among the history specialists who served in Dar al-Insha, similar to al-Qalqashandi, and assumed a significant part in its turn of events and progression, was the history specialist Muhyi al-Commotion ibn Abd al-Zahir (1223-1292) who was nicknamed "Sheik Ahl al-Tirsil" and "Al-Kateb al-Nazim al-Nathir." Ibn Abd al-Zahir was an appointed authority and was delegated leader of the Place of Insha, which was liable for the correspondence of the Egyptian state, and he was the first "secret essayist" known in the Egyptian state, and subsequently, he knew all about numerous occasions in his time. Ibn Abd al-Zahir was a contemporary of extraordinary rulers, like Qutuz, al-Zahir Baybars and Qalawun, and al-Ashraf Khalil. Furthermore, he entered new terms in correspondence and composing agreements, and he is the person who composed the response of Al-Zahir Baybars to Barkai Khan, the ruler of the Mongol-Dahabi clan, to affect him against Hulagu and remember him for the positions of Baybars. Ibn Abd al-Zahir had a brilliant way of composing, and al-Qalqashandi said of him that he was "one of the extraordinary essayists." Besides, Ibn Abd al-Zahir chronicled King Baybars and composed his life story in a popular book called "Al-Rawd al-Zahir fi Sirat al-Malik al-Zahir," in which he composed significant and extensive data about the time of al-Zahir Baybars. The composition of this book has arrived at the cutting-edge period totally and is missing a couple of pages. Without that, much data would have been missing from analysts and history specialists in the cutting edge time about the occasions of the period of Baybars. The original copy of the book is safeguarded in the Al-Fateh Library in Istanbul, and there is one more composition in the English Historical center in London, of which a couple of pages have likewise been lost. Ibn Abd al-Zahir likewise chronicled Ruler al-Mansur Qalawun and his child al-Ashraf Khalil in two significant books called "The Regarding of Days and Ages in the Life story of al-Malik al-Mansur" and "The Secret Graciousness of the Honorable Account of the Sultanate al-Ashrafiyyah." And this book doesn't have met compositions, yet Al-Maqrizi luckily cited it in his book "Teaching and Thought by Dhikr Al-Khatat was Al-Athar - Al-Maqrizi Plans."

Other than nations, there was Al-Adfawi, Al-Suyuti, Al-Sakhawi, and others. The Egyptian verifiable school in the Medieval times, or rather in the period of the Mamluk state, was a peculiarity and a flourishing and created logical framework that has no equivalent, in Egypt, yet at the same in the entire world.